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Map Used for Propaganda

Haoyu Shi

As shown above, this map, "John Bull and His Friends," is a seriocomic map of Europe in 1900. John Bull is the personification of Britain. The author of this map is Fred. W. Rose, who is an Englishman. The portrait of each country has propaganda use. Russia is an octopus profile spreading its tentacles to Poland, China, and Persia. This map defaces Russia and the last emperor of Russia, Tzar Nikolai II, making people fear the expansion of Russia. The map creator, Rose, intendedly uses the propaganda technique of particular appeal, specifically, fear. He transfers the motif of evil from octopus to Russia. 

In contrast, England and Scotland are portrayed as John Bull sitting on shells labeled Canada, Australia, South Africa and India. On his leg, there are two wild cats, Orange Free State and Transvaal. Rose praises Great Britain, though Britain also invades other countries. He uses the propaganda technique of false connection. The people and animals not only present those countries but also stir the emotion. The soldier John Bull with a national flag transfer the idea of patriotism and those shells transfer the notion of power. More than that, though Great Britain is powerful, it is not depicted as a lord. Instead, Britain is portrayed as everyday folk. In the other part of this map, all the countries are facing to England and Scotland. The Ireland wife is going to join Great Britain. Those portraits make Britain as all the Europeans' hope to escape from the invasion of Russia.

Not only does the portraits have propaganda proposes but the titles and reference also play word games. The title of this map is "John Bull and His friends." It persuades that Britain is an ally of other countries. The reference in the left of this map describes Great Britain as "fully able to rely on the stores of ammunition behind him," and received the support from his friend, Uncle Sam, the US. The words describe Great Britain are positive. The reference to Britain uses euphemisms. In contrast, the words describing Russia are negative, such as "octopus," "her tentacles are reaching," "painful process of absorption," "power of her suckers." Those biased descriptions make Russia more evil.

 

In conclusion, "Jhon Bull and His Friends" is a map as propaganda. It euphemizes Great Britain but defaces Russia, making people fear Russia and see the hope from Britain. 

Objective geographical representation isn’t always the intention of maps – they can also provide social, economic or political commentary on a region, as British Library maps curator, Tom Harper discusses.

References

RoseFred W. John Bull and his friends: a serio-comic map of Europe. Maps Antics

        Centre Excursionista de Catalunya. 

        http://mdc.cbuc.cat/cdm/ref/collection/mapesCEC/id/159

Harper, Tom. Maps and the 20th century: drawing the line. British Library, 2016.

Propaganda. http://www.propagandacritic.com/ 

 

Haoyu Shi

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